James D. (Jimmy) Ivory, Ph.D.
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My primary research interests deal with social and psychological dimensions of new media and communication technologies. In particular, much of my research focuses on the content and effects of new entertainment media such as video games, simulations, and virtual environments. At Virginia Tech, I founded the VT G.A.M.E.R. Lab (Virginia Tech Gaming and Media Effects Research Laboratory), a small laboratory hosted by the Department of Communication.
In addition to my academic research, I also work part-time to help develop software and provide occasional consulting services pertaining to media analysis, development, and marketing.
Sample Articles and Book Chapters:
Below are some samples of recent work. For a copy of a paper from my full CV not provided here or to inquire about ongoing work, please contact me.
All documents below are samples produced for the convenience of scholars in personal use -- these article samples are not the works' copies of record. Copyright permissions for each of these works is retained by the author(s), publishing organization, and or publishing company responsible for its publication, and permission for reproduction or reprinting in any form must be obtained from the entity holding copyright for the work. Reposting of these works in another online venue without permission is also forbidden.
Patel, H., Bayliss, L. C., Ivory, J. D., Woodard, K., McCarthy, A., & MacDorman, K. F. (2014). Receptive to bad reception: Jerky motion can make persuasive messages more effective. Computers in Human Behavior, 32, 32-39. doi:10.1016/j.chb.2013.11.012 External Link to Sample Copy (PDF)
Ferguson, C. J., Ivory, J. D., & Beaver, K. M. (2013). Genetic, maternal, school, intelligence and media use predictors of adult criminality: A longitudinal test of the catalyst model in adolescence through early adulthood. Journal of Aggression, Maltreatment and Trauma, 5, 447-460. doi:10.1080/10926771.2013.785457 External Link to Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2013). Video games as a multifaceted medium: A review of quantitative social science research on video games and a typology of video game research approaches. Review of Communication Research, 1(1), 31-68. Available: http://rcommunicationr.org. Download from the Open-Access Journal Site (PDF)
Ferguson, C. J., & Ivory, J. D. (2012). A futile game: On the prevalence and possible causes of the misguided speculation about the role of violent video games as a substantial independent causal factor in mass school shootings In G. W. Muschert & J. Sumiala (Eds.), School shootings:ÃÂ Mediatized violence in a global age (pp. 47-67). Bingley, UK: Emerald. (Buy the Book from Emerald or Amazon) External link to Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D., Williams, D., Martins, N., & Consalvo, M. (2009). Good clean fun? A content analysis of profanity in video games and its prevalence across game systems and ratings. CyberPsychology and Behavior, 12, 457-460. External Link to Sample Copy (PDF)
Williams, D., Martins, N., Consalvo, M., & Ivory, J. D. (2009). The virtual census: Representations of gender, race, and age in video games. New Media and Society, 11, 815-834. External Link to Sample Copy (PDF)Ivory, J. D., & Kalyanaraman, S. (2009). Video games make people violent – Well, maybe not that game: Effects of content and person abstraction on perceptions of violent video games' effects and support of censorship. Communication Reports, 22, 1-12. Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2009). Technological developments and transitions in virtual worlds. In D. Heider (Ed.), Living virtually: Researching new worlds (pp. 11-22). New York: Peter Lang Publishing Group. Sample Copy (PDF) (Buy the book in hardcover or paperback from Amazon)
Ivory, J. D. (2008). The games, they are a changin': Technological advancements in video games and implications for effects on youth. In P. Jamieson & D. Romer (Eds.), The changing portrayal of adolescents in the media since 1950 (pp. 347-376). New York: Oxford University Press. Sample Copy (PDF) (Buy the Book from Oxford or Amazon)
Ivory, J. D., & Kalyanaraman, S. (2007). The effects of technological advancement and violent content in video games on players' feelings of presence, involvement, physiological arousal, and aggression. Journal of Communication, 57, 532-555. Unofficial Author Copy (PDF)*
*Online distribution of official copy prohibited by publisher: see journal site or email for a manuscript copy--the definitive version of this article is available at www.blackwell-synergy.com)Ivory, J. D. (2007). Sneak peeks at insurrection: Portrayals of the Irish Republican Army in film trailers. Atlantic Journal of Communication, 15, 214-229. Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2006). Still a man's game: Gender representation in online reviews of video games. Mass Communication and Society, 9(1), 103-114. Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2005). Romantic revolutionaries or repugnant rebels? New York Times coverage of the Irish Republican Army before and after the 1993 World Trade Center bombing.” International Communication Bulletin, 40 (1-2), 40-55. Sample Copy (PDF)
Sample Unpublished Conference Papers:
Ivory, J. D., Williams, A. P., Hatch., J. & Covucci, D. (2007, August). Terrorism in film trailers: Demographics, portrayals, violence, and changes in content after September 11, 2001. Paper presented to the Mass Communication and Society Division at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, DC. Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. ( 2004, November). Lead us not into temptation: Predictors of inappropriate behavior and dangerous situations in teen Internet use. Paper presented to the Human Communication and Technology Division at the annual convention of the National Communication Association, Chicago, IL. Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2004, May). Addictive For whom? Electronic games, the third-person effect, and contributors to attitudes toward the medium. Paper presented to the Communication and Technology Division at the annual conference of the International Communication Association, New Orleans, LA. Sample Copy (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2003, August). Protecting kids or attacking the First Amendment? Video games, regulation, and protected expression. Paper presented to the Law Division at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Kansas City, MO. Sample Copy (PDF)
Sample Abstracts of Unpublished Papers:
(Please contact me for more information or a full paper copy)
Ivory, J. D., & Wilkerson, H. C. (2002, August). Video games are from Mars, not Venus: Gender, electronic game play and attitudes toward the medium. Paper presented to the Commission on the Status of Women at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Miami, FL. Abstract (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2002, May). Fun for all ages? University students' video game habits and the medium's potential for dependency and addiction. Unpublished master's thesis, University of Wyoming, Laramie, WY. Abstract (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2002, March). MUSHing towards Gomorrah: Are Multi-User Shared Hallucinations an online alternative to video games? Paper presented to the Electronic Communication and Culture Forum at the annual conference of the Popular Culture Association, Toronto, Canada. Abstract (PDF)
Ivory, J. D. (2001, August). Video games and the elusive search for their effects on children: An assessment of twenty years of research. Paper presented to the Mass Communication and Society Division at the annual convention of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, Washington, D. C. [Top Three Student Paper] Abstract (PDF)